Evaporation operative materials having low environmental impact

ABSTRACT

A composition comprising: (a) at least one active component; and (b) a carrier in an amount effective to at least partially solvate or at least partially emulsify said active component, said carrier comprising monochloro,trifluoropropene.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. No. 61/526,859, filed on Aug. 24, 2011, the contents of which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to compositions, methods and systems whichinclude an active component and a solvent or carrier for the activecomponent. As a result of the application of the composition in theintended manner, the active component becomes operative upon or inassociation with the removal, usually by evaporation, of the solvent orcarrier.

BACKGROUND

Many applications involve the use of a material which acts as a carrier,dispersant, diluents, processing aid, and/or solvent for an activecomponent or components. The carrier/dispersant/diluents/processingaid/solvent (hereinafter referred to sometimes as “carrier” forconvenience) must be able to at least facilitate and preferably enhancethe delivery and/or functioning of at least one of the active componentsat the location of intended use, and at the same time such carriershould not negatively interfere with the operation of the activecomponents. Because the carrier will frequently in such situations bereleased into the open atmosphere upon use, the environmental propertiesof the carrier materials have become increasingly important as theconcern about the environmental impact of man-made materials andactivities has risen. For example, during the course of the past severalyears, substantial effort has been devoted to developing materials whichhave a much smaller impact on global warming and on depletion of theozone layer in the field of refrigeration, for example. Furthermore, therelease of materials into the atmosphere can have a negative impact onlow-level atmospheric conditions, such as smog and haze.

In addition to favorable environmental properties, the material which isused for the carrier preferably also has a desirable but difficult toachieve combination of other properties, depending on the particularapplication, such as inertness with respect to the active ingredient(s),low toxicity and low flammability, among other properties. In manyapplications it is also either desirable or essential that the carrierhave the ability to at least partially emulsify and/or to preferably atleast partially solvate the active ingredient.

These and other needs are satisfied by preferred aspects of the presentinvention.

SUMMARY

The present invention provides compositions, methods and systems whichcomprise one or more active components and which utilize as a carrier amonochloro,trifluoropropene, and preferably1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene ((HCFO-1233zd), and even more preferablytrans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-HCFO-1233zd orHCFO-1233zd(E)) and/or cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene(cis-HCFO-1233zd or HCFO-1233zd(Z)).

Applicants have unexpectedly found that the preferred compositions,methods and systems of the present invention provide not only highlyfavorable and desirable environmental properties, including preferablylow GWP, low ODP and/or low VOC, the monochloro, trifluoropropenecompounds described herein for use as the carrier possess a desirablebut difficult to achieve mosaic of other properties, includingsubstantial inertness with respect to the active ingredient(s), lowtoxicity and low flammability, among other properties. In manyapplications it is also either desirable or essential that the carrierhave the ability to at least partially emulsify and/or to preferably atleast partially solvate the active component. For many applications,including particularly coatings, paints, adhesives, sealant, lubricants(especially lubricants formed from fossil fuels or synthetic blends orversions thereof), and insecticide/herbicides, the ability of thecarrier/active component combination to form an at least partiallysoluble and/or at least partially emulsifiable mixture can be highlydesirable. Applicants have found that many preferred embodiments of thepresent invention provide a fluid composition in one or more of suchapplications which is at least partially soluble and/or partiallyemulsifiable mixture, and in even more preferred applications issubstantially fully soluble and/or substantially fully emulsifiable.Furthermore, the compositions, methods and systems of the presentinvention have the advantage in many embodiments of providing theability of the carrier to be readily removed with little or noadditional steps after application of the material. Thus, in preferredcompositions, methods and systems, the time required to cure/develop theactive component is relatively low and requires relatively little, andpreferably no additional energy after the application step.

In certain aspects of the present invention, the use of either the cis-or trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer is based on its solubility with the activeagent. Applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered that theKauri-Butanol (KB) number of cis-1233zd is 34 and that the KB number oftrans-1233zd is 25. Thus, the cis-isomer has a KB number that is over30% higher than the trans-isomer, suggesting that it, at least incertain application, may be a better solvent. Accordingly, and incertain aspects of the present invention, themonochloro,trifluoropropene selected, and in particular the HCFO-1233zdisomer selected, has a KB number of greater than 30. In furtherembodiment, the cis-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be specifically selected,alone or in conjunction with the trans-isomer, to provide a desiredsolubility to the active agent.

One preferred aspect of the present invention relates to adhesivecompositions, methods and systems of bonding or preparing to bond twosurfaces/bodies and adhesive systems which utilize an active componentcomprising a bonding agent and a carrier comprising amonochloro,trifluoropropene, and preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even morepreferably trans-HCFO-1233zd or cis-HCFO-1233zd, wherein the bondingagent is capable of forming a bond between said at least two surfacesand/or bodies, upon delivery of the composition to the site of use, morepreferably upon removal of, even more preferably upon evaporation of, atleast a portion of the carrier. As used herein in connection withdelivery, removal and evaporation, the term “upon” is intended to meanthat those actions are at least part of or associated with, but notnecessarily the exclusive means for, allowing the active component toachieve its desired result. As those skilled in the art will appreciate,the adhesive aspects of the present invention can find application in awide variety of uses, including in connection with floor bonding, partfastening, building material bonding and the like.

Applicants have further discovered that cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd may bespecifically selected in adhesive applications depending upon itsproperties (e.g. flammability, Kauri-Butanol (KB) number, or the like),the method of application (e.g. sprayable or non-sprayable, etc.),and/or its solubility with the bonding agent used. By way ofnon-limiting example, in certain spray applications thetrans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because of its lower boilingpoint. In certain non-spray applications, the cis-HCFO-1233zd isomer maybe preferred because it exhibits better solubility with the bondingagent. Alternatively, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be used alone, orin certain embodiments, in conjunction with one or more co-carriers(where necessary) to improve its solubility with the bonding agent.

To this end, and in certain aspects, the compositions of the presentinvention are provided as sprayable compositions, wherein themonochloro,trifluoropropene comprises, consists essentially of, orconsists of trans-HCFO-1233zd. In further aspects, the compositions arenon-sprayable compositions. In certain aspects, themonochloro,trifluoropropene of the non-sprayable compositions comprises,consists essentially of, or consists of cis-HCFO-1233zd. In even furtheraspects, the monochloro,trifluoropropene of the non-sprayablecompositions comprises, consists essentially of, or consists oftrans-HCFO-1233zd and at least one co-carrier, which improves solubilityof trans-HCFO-1233zd with the active agent.

Another preferred aspect of the present invention relates to coatingcompositions, coating methods and coating systems which utilize anactive component comprising a coating agent and a carrier comprising amonochloro,trifluoropropene, and preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even morepreferably transHCFO-1233zd, wherein the coating agent is capable offorming a coating or film upon delivery of the composition to the siteof use, more preferably upon removal of, even more preferably uponevaporation of, at least a portion of the carrier. As those skilled inthe art will appreciate, the coating aspects of the present inventioncan find application in a wide variety of uses, including in connectionwith paints, thin films and the like. Applicants have further discoveredthat cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd may be specifically selected in coatingapplications depending upon its properties (e.g. flammability,Kauri-Butanol (KB) number, or the like), the method of application (e.g.sprayable, non-sprayable, etc.), and/or its solubility with the coatingagent used. By way of non-limiting example, in certain spray coatingapplications the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because ofits lower boiling point. In certain non-spray applications, thecis-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it exhibits bettersolubility with the coating agent. Alternatively, the trans-HCFO-1233zdisomer may be used alone, or in certain embodiments, in conjunction withone or more co-carriers (where necessary) to improve its solubility withthe coating agent.

Another preferred aspect of the present invention relates to sealantcompositions, sealing methods and sealant systems which utilize anactive component comprising a sealing agent and a carrier comprising amonochloro,trifluoropropene, and preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even morepreferably trans-HCFO-1233zd or cis-HCFO-1233zd, wherein the sealingagent is capable of forming a seal or barrier particularly, though notexclusively, to the passage of sound, air, corrosive materials, or a preselected fluid, such as moisture, upon delivery of the composition tothe site of use, more preferably upon removal of, and even morepreferably upon evaporation, of at least a portion of the carrier. Asthose skilled in the art will appreciate, the sealing aspects of thepresent invention can find application in a wide variety of uses,including in connection with vehicle body cavities, heavy equipmentcavities, building cavities and the like. Applicants have furtherdiscovered that cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd may be specifically selectedin sealant applications depending upon its properties (e.g.flammability, Kauri-Butanol (KB) number, or the like), the method of itsapplication, and/or its solubility with the sealing agent used. By wayof non-limiting example, in certain spray applications thetrans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it exhibits bettersolubility with the sealant agent. Alternatively, the trans-HCFO-1233zdisomer may be used alone, or in certain embodiments, in conjunction withone or more co-carriers (where necessary) to improve its solubility withthe sealing agent.

Another preferred aspect of the present invention relates to lubricantcompositions, lubricating methods and lubricating systems which utilizean active component comprising a lubricating agent and a carriercomprising a monochloro,trifluoropropene, and preferably HCFO-1233zd,and even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd or cis-HCFO-1233zd, whereinthe lubricating agent is capable of providing or aiding in the reductionof friction between two surfaces or bodies upon delivery of thecomposition to the site of use, more preferably upon removal of, evenmore preferably upon evaporation, of at least a portion of the carrier.As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the lubricating aspects ofthe present invention can find application in a wide variety of uses,including in connection with bearings, fittings and the like. Applicantshave further discovered that cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd may bespecifically selected depending upon its properties (e.g. flammability,Kauri-Butanol (KB) number, or the like), the method of its application,and/or its solubility with the lubricating agent used.

Another preferred aspect of the present invention relates toinsecticidal and/or herbicidal compositions, methods of applyinginsecticide and/or herbicide, and to insecticidal and/or herbicidalsystems which utilize an active component comprising an insecticidalagent and/or a herbicidal agent and a carrier comprising a monochloro,trifluoropropene, and preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even more preferablytrans-HCFO-1233zd or cis-HCFO-1233zd, wherein the insecticide/herbicideagent is capable of inhibiting or enhancing the activity, growth and/orlife of certain selected insect or plant life upon delivery of thecomposition to the site of use, more preferably upon removal, preferablyupon evaporation, of at least a portion of the carrier. As those skilledin the art will appreciate, the insecticidal/herbicidal aspects of thepresent invention can find application in a wide variety of uses,including in connection with applications such as flying insect spays,weed killer sprays and the like. Applicants have further discovered thatcis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd may be specifically selected depending uponits properties (e.g. flammability, Kauri-Butanol (KB) number, or thelike), the method of its application, and/or its solubility with theinsecticidal and/or herbicidal agent used.

As used herein the term “active component” refers to any one or morecomponents of the composition which provide, contribute to and/orenhance the intended function of the composition, method or system. Theterm “carrier” is used herein generically to refer to any one or morecomponents of the composition, system or method whose primary functionis to provide a means for containing the active components, preferablyin relatively dilute condition, and/or for aiding or contributing to theease of application and/or effectiveness at the function of the locationof intended use. Although the carrier component of the present inventiongenerally does not act directly to form or produce the intended finalproduct, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that theeffectiveness of the carrier may nevertheless have an indirect impact onthe properties of the final product by virtue of its effectiveness as acarrier, such as by evenly distributing the active component at theintended target location and/or leaving the active component in a moreeffective condition to perform its intended function.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Although it is contemplated that the carrier of the present inventionwill comprise a major proportion of the composition, and in preferredembodiments the carrier will comprise from about 5% to about 95% of thecomposition, in further embodiments it comprises at least about 50% byweight, and even further embodiments at least about 80% by weight of amonochlorotrifluoropropene. It will be appreciated that other materialmay be included in the carrier in order to supplement or enhance theoverall performance of the composition, method or system. The inclusionof any and all of such supplemental and additional materials in thecarrier is within the broad scope of the present invention.

Examples of additional or supplemental materials that may be used incombination with the monchlorotrifluoropropene carrier component of thepresent invention include other hydrocarbons, other fluorocarbons,including other fluorochlorocarbons, fluoroethers, fluoroketones,alcohols, ketyones and/or formates. As mentioned above, these additionalor supplemental components may be added, for example, to decrease theoverall environmental impact and/or improve the performance of thecomposition, method or system.

In certain applications and embodiments, the carrier contributes to oneor more of the following properties of the composition, method orsystem: flexibility of the material after removal of the carrier andcuring or further processing of the active component; quality finish ofthe material after removal of the carrier and curing or furtherprocessing of the active component, quick dry times, and easy and/oreffectiveness of application of the composition.

Coating Compositions, Methods and Systems

As mentioned above, the preferred coating compositions of the presentinvention comprise a coating agent and a carrier comprising amonochloro,trifluoropropene, and preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even morepreferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and/or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The coating methodsof the present invention comprise providing a coating compositionaccording to the present invention and applying the coating compositionto the substrate, body and/or surface to be coated. In certainembodiments, the methods comprise a further step which will aid, enhanceor achieve removal of at least a substantial portion of the carrier fromthe substrate, body and/or surface so as to allow or enhance developmentof the desired coating by the coating agent. Although such further stepmay take many forms according to the present methods, in manyapplications such step simply comprises allowing the coating compositiononce applied to be exposed to the environment, which in many preferredembodiments will result in evaporation of at least a portion, andpreferably a major proportion, and even more preferably substantiallyall of, the monotrifluoropropene. It will be appreciated that in someembodiments evaporation will be enhanced by heating of the coatingcomposition once it is applied, which heating step may also provideadditional benefits, for example by helping to acceleratedevelopment/curing of the coating and/or develop desirable properties inthe coating once formed.

The coating agent can be a wide variety of materials and combinationsaccording to the broad scope of the present invention. One embodiment ofthe coating aspects of the present invention comprises paints, paintingmethods and painting systems, or coating on one or more of a wide arrayof articles or devices. In the particular embodiment of paints, theactive component can also take many forms and can comprise manymaterials. In certain preferred embodiments, the active componentcomprises an active resin that forms the paint coating when the carrieris at least partially removed and/or when the resin is cured. Althoughall known resins for this purpose can be used in accordance with thepresent invention, in certain embodiments the paint resin comprises acomponent such as oils, natural and/or synthetic polymers based onmaterials such as alkyds, acrylics, vinyl-acrylics, vinylacetate/ethylene (VAE), polyurethanes, polyesters, melamine resins,epoxy, and combinations and mixtures of any two or more of these and/orother resin materials. In addition, the active component may comprise inaddition to the resin one or more other materials such as aestheticadditives, pigments, binders and the like as is desired and/or needed toachieve the desired finish and other properties of the coating.

With respect to coating systems, it is contemplated although notgenerally preferred that the coating methods may require the applicationof two or more different compositions or material to achieve the desiredfinal finish or coated surface. In such cases the systems of the presentinvention will comprise the present coating composition together withsuch additional materials or compositions which are intended to be orwhich are used together with the present coating compositions to achievea coating according to the present invention.

As also noted above, for many coating applications, the selection of aparticular HCFO-1233zd isomer may be based on its properties, the methodof application and/or its solubility or miscibility with the coatingagent. With certain spray applications, for example, thetrans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it has a much lowerboiling than the cis-isomer, but the cis-isomer may also be provided, asnecessary, to assist with solubility of the coating agent. In suchapplications, the trans-isomer may be used with coating agents such asthose provided above. In further non-limiting embodiments, the coatingagents specifically may include acrylics, urethanes, styrene rubber,hydrocarbon rosin, ester rosin or heparin. In non-spray applications(e.g. dipping, pouring, brushing, immersing, etc.), it is particularlydesirable that the carrier/active component combination form an at leastpartially soluble and/or at least partially emulsifiable mixture andthat the selection of the isomer used may be based upon its solubilitywith the coating agent. In certain non-spray applications, thecis-HCFO-1233zd isomer is preferred because it exhibits bettersolubility with certain coating agents, particularly coating agentswithin the general categories provided above, and in furthernon-limiting and specific embodiments, high impact poly styrene,acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and some acrylics. Alternatively, innon-spray applications where the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may bepreferred or otherwise used, it may be provided alone, or in certainembodiments, in conjunction with one or more co-carriers, particularlyone or more co-carriers that improve solubility or miscibility oftrans-1233zd with the coating agent. Examples of co-carriers in acoating application may include, but are not limited to, otherhydrocarbons, other fluorocarbons, including other fluorochlorocarbons,fluoroethers, fluoroketones, alcohols, ketyones, formats, lower alcohols(such as methanol, ethanol, and the like), maphtha, terpene-basedsolvents, (such as d-limonene), other high evaporation rate organicmaterials (such as isoprene, hexane, heptane, styrene liquid, xylene,toluene, methylcyclohexane, cyclohexane. 2,2-dichloropropane, methylenechloride, diisobutyl ketone, diisopropylketone, methyl isobutyl ketone,methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl cyclohexanone, cyclohexanone, isobutylacetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethylacetate, diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol,2-ethylhexanol) and mixtures of any of these with or without furthermaterials used as co-carriers.

Applicants note that in the foregoing embodiments where one particularisomer may be preferred does not necessarily preclude the inclusion ofthe other or both isomers. Rather, it simply identifies qualities of oneisomer that may be preferred for that application. Either isomer can bethe provided in such applications alone, or otherwise in an isomericmixture.

Adhesive Compositions, Bonding Methods and Adhesive Systems

As mentioned above, the preferred adhesive compositions of the presentinvention comprise a bonding agent and a carrier comprising amonochloro,trifluoropropene, and preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even morepreferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and/or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The bonding methodsof the present invention comprise providing a bonding compositionaccording to the present invention and applying the bonding compositionto at least one of the body(s) and/or surface(s) to be bonded. In mostembodiments, the methods comprise bringing the bodies or surfacestogether such that the bonding agent is able to effect a bond betweenthe bodies/surfaces being adhered to one another. In some embodiments,the carrier or portion thereof is removed, preferably by evaporation,prior to the bodies/surfaces being brought together, while in otherembodiments, the carrier or portion thereof is removed after thebodies/surfaces have been brought together. Of course embodiments may beused in which a portion of the carrier is removed before, during andafter the bodies/surfaces are brought together.

Although it is not considered necessary for many embodiments, in certainembodiments it may be desirable to use a co-carrier in the adhesiveaspects of the present invention. Such co-carrier may include, inaddition to those mentioned above, lower alcohols (such as methanol,ethanol, and the like), terpene-based solvents, (such as d-limonene),other high evaporation rate organic materials (such as isoprene, hexane,heptane, styrene liquid, xylene, toluene, methylcyclohexane,cyclohexane. 2,2-dichloropropane, methylene chloride, diisobutyl ketone,diisopropylketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone,methyl cyclohexanone, cyclohexanone, isobutyl acetate, isopropylacetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether,dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol, 2-ethylhexanol) and mixtures of anyof these with or without further materials used as co-carriers.

With respect to the method steps, the compositions of the presentinvention can be applied using a variety of techniques and steps,including but not limited to spraying, dipping, pouring, brushing, andcombinations of these and other steps and techniques.

Other optional steps may be used to aid, enhance or achieve removal ofat least a portion of the carrier from the composition and/or from thesubstrate, body and/or surface so as to allow or enhance development ofthe desired bond. Although such further steps may take many formsaccording to the present methods, in many applications such optionalstep comprises allowing the adhesive composition once applied to beexposed to the environment, which in many preferred embodiments willresult in evaporation of at least a portion, and preferably a majorproportion, and even more preferably of substantially all of, themonotrifluoropropene. It will be appreciated that in some embodimentsevaporation will be enhanced by heating of the adhesive composition onceit is applied, which heating step may also provide additional benefits,for example by helping to accelerate development/curing/reaction of thecomponents of the bonding agent and/or develop desirable properties inthe adhesive once the bond is formed.

The bonding agent can be a wide variety of materials and combinationsaccording to the broad scope of the present invention. By way ofnon-limiting example, the active adhesive may be an acrylic adhesive,and epoxy adhesive, a styrenic adhesive, and combinations of these.

With respect to adhesive systems, it is contemplated although notnecessarily preferred that the adhesive methods may require theapplication of two or more different compositions or materials toachieve the desired final bond. In such cases the systems of the presentinvention will comprise the present adhesive composition together withsuch additional materials or compositions which are intended to be orwhich are used together with the present adhesive compositions toachieve a bond according to the present invention.

As also noted above, for many adhesive applications, the selection of aparticular HCFO-1233zd isomer may be based on its properties, the methodof its application, and/or its solubility/miscibility with the bondingagent. With certain spray applications, for example, thetrans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it has a much lowerboiling than the cis-isomer, but the cis-isomer may also be provided, asnecessary, to assist with solubility of the bonding agent. In suchapplications, the trans-isomer may be used with bonding agents, such asthose within the general categories provided above. In certain aspect,the bonding agent specifically includes, but is not limited to,urethanes or styrene rubber. In non-spray applications, it isparticularly desirable that the carrier/active component combinationform an at least partially soluble and/or at least partiallyemulsifiable mixture and that the selection of the isomer used may bebased upon its solubility with the bonding agent. In certain non-sprayapplications, the cis-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because itexhibits better solubility with the bonding agents, such as those withinthe general categories provided above, but particularly bonding agentsthat include, but are not limited to, acrylics, SBS or other styrenes,or the like. Alternatively, in alternative non-spray applications wherethe trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred or otherwise used, it maybe provided alone, or in certain embodiments, in conjunction with one ormore of the co-carriers identified above, particularly a co-carrier thatfacilitates or otherwise improves solubility or emulsification oftrans-1233zd with the bonding agent.

Applicants note that in the foregoing embodiments where one particularisomer may be preferred does not necessarily preclude the inclusion ofboth isomers. Rather, it simply identifies qualities of one isomer thatare preferred for that application. Either isomer can be the provided insuch applications alone, or otherwise in an isomeric mixture.

Sealant Compositions, Sealing Methods and Sealant Systems

As mentioned above, the preferred sealant compositions of the presentinvention comprise a sealing agent and a carrier comprising amonochloro,trifluoropropene, and preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even morepreferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and/or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The sealing methodsof the present invention preferably comprise providing a sealantcomposition according to the present invention and applying the sealantcomposition to at least one of the body(s) and/or surface(s) to besealed. In many embodiments, the sealant is used to create a seal, andin certain embodiments a water seal, between two surfaces or bodies. Insuch embodiments, the methods preferably comprise bringing the bodies orsurfaces together after the sealant has been applied to one or bothbodies/surfaces such that the gap or space between them is relativelyresistant to the flow of one or more fluids. In other embodiments, a gapexists or is created between the bodies/surfaces and the sealant isapplied to the surfaces/bodies substantially simultaneously to fill andseal at least a portion of the gap. Additional embodiments include soundand air abatement and, the like. In either of such embodiments, pressuremay be applied to the bodies and/or the sealant composition to improvethe seal. In other embodiments, the sealant composition may be used tocreate in a relatively porous material, such as a fabric or the like, anincreased resistance to the passage of one or more fluids, such aswater, through the portion of the material which has been treated withthe sealant of the present invention. In some embodiments, the carrieror portion thereof is removed, preferably by evaporation, prior to thebodies/surfaces being brought together, while in other embodiments, thecarrier or portion thereof is removed after the bodies/surfaces havebeen brought together. Of course embodiments may be used in which aportion of the carrier is removed before, during and after thebodies/surfaces are brought together.

Other optional steps may be used to aid, enhance or achieve removal ofat least a portion of the carrier from the composition and/or from thebody and/or surface being treated so as to allow or enhance developmentof the desired seal. Although such further steps may take many formsaccording to the present methods, in many applications such optionalstep comprises allowing the sealant composition once applied to beexposed to the environment, which in many preferred embodiments willresult in evaporation of at least a portion, and preferably a majorproportion, and even more preferably of substantially all of, themonotrifluoropropene. It will be appreciated that in some embodimentsevaporation will be enhanced by heating of the sealant composition onceit is applied, which heating step may also provide additional benefits,for example by helping to accelerate development/curing/reaction of thecomponents of the sealing agent and/or develop desirable properties inthe sealant once the sealant is applied.

The sealing agent can be a wide variety of materials and combinationsaccording to the broad scope of the present invention. By way ofnon-limiting example, the active sealing component may comprise one ormore of silicone sealants, poly(alpha-monoalkenyl arene)/poly(conjugateddiene) block copolymer or hydrogenated or partially hydrogenatedderivatives thereof, and combinations of these with or without otheractive sealing agents.

With respect to adhesive systems, it is contemplated although notnecessarily preferred that the sealant methods may require theapplication of two or more different compositions or materials toachieve the desired final bond. In such cases the systems of the presentinvention will comprise the present sealant composition together withsuch additional materials or compositions which are intended to be orwhich are used together with the present sealant compositions to achievea seal according to the present invention.

As also noted above, for many sealant applications, the selection of aparticular HCFO-1233zd isomer may be based on its properties, the methodof application, and/or its solubility/miscibility with sealing agents.With certain spray applications, for example, the trans-HCFO-1233zdisomer may be preferred because it has a much lower boiling than thecis-isomer, but the cis-isomer may also be provided, as necessary, toassist with solubility of the sealing agent. In such applications, thetrans-isomer may be used with sealing agents such as, but not limitedto, those within the general categories provided above, but thecis-isomer may also be provided, as necessary, to assist with solubilityof the sealing agent. In non-spray applications, it is particularlydesirable that the carrier/active component combination form an at leastpartially soluble and/or at least partially emulsifiable mixture andthat the selection of the isomer used may be based upon its solubilitywith the sealing agent. In certain non-spray applications, thecis-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it exhibits bettersolubility with the sealing agents, such as, but not limited to, thosewithin the general categories provided above. In alternative non-sprayapplications where the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred orotherwise used, it may be provided alone, or in certain embodiments, inconjunction with one or more co-carriers, particularly one or moreco-carriers that improve solubility or emulsification of trans-1233zdwith the sealing agent. Examples of co-carriers in a sealing applicationmay include, but are not limited to, other hydrocarbons, otherfluorocarbons, including other fluorochlorocarbons, fluoroethers,fluoroketones, alcohols, ketyones, formats, lower alcohols (such asmethanol, ethanol, and the like), naphtha, terpene-based solvents, (suchas d-limonene), other high evaporation rate organic materials (such asisoprene, hexane, heptane, styrene liquid, xylene, toluene,methylcyclohexane, cyclohexane. 2,2-dichloropropane, methylene chloride,diisobutyl ketone, diisopropylketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methylisopropyl ketone, methyl cyclohexanone, cyclohexanone, isobutyl acetate,isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethylether, dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol, 2-ethylhexanol) and mixturesof any of these with or without further materials used as co-carriers.

Applicants note that in the foregoing embodiments where one particularisomer may be preferred does not necessarily preclude the inclusion ofboth isomers. Rather, it simply identifies qualities of one isomer thatare preferred for that application. Either isomer can be provided insuch applications alone, or otherwise in a mixture of isomers.

Lubricant Compositions, Lubricating Methods and Lubricant Systems

As mentioned above, the preferred lubricant compositions of the presentinvention comprise a lubricating agent and a carrier comprising amonochloro,trifluoropropene, and preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even morepreferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and/or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The lubricatingmethods of the present invention preferably comprise providing alubricating composition according to the present invention and applyingthe lubricating composition to at least one of the body(s) and/orsurface(s) to be lubricated. In many embodiments, the lubricant is usedto create an area, region or surface of a body or material that exhibitsa reduced level of friction when it comes in friction producing contactwith another body. The selection of a particular HCFO-1233zd isomer maybe based on its properties, the method of application, and/or itssolubility/miscibility with lubricating agents. With certain sprayapplications, for example, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferredbecause it has a much lower boiling than the cis-isomer, but thecis-isomer may also be provided, as necessary, to assist with solubilityof the lubricant. In non-spraying applications, cis- or trans-isomer maybe used based, at least in part, on its solubility or miscibility withthe lubricating agent. Applicants note, however, that the preference forone isomer does not necessarily preclude the inclusion of both isomers.Rather, it simply identifies qualities of one isomer that may bepreferred for that application. Either isomer can be the provided insuch applications alone, or otherwise in a mixture of isomers.

Various steps may be used to aid, enhance or achieve removal of at leasta portion of the carrier from the composition and/or from the bodyand/or surface being treated so as to allow or enhance development ofthe desired lubricant. Although such further steps may take many formsaccording to the present methods, in many applications such optionalstep comprises allowing the lubricant composition once applied to beexposed to the environment, which in many preferred embodiments willresult in evaporation of at least a portion, and preferably a majorproportion, and even more preferably of substantially all of, themonotrifluoropropene. It will be appreciated that in some embodimentsevaporation will be enhanced by heating of the lubricant compositiononce it is applied, which heating step may also provide additionalbenefits, for example by helping to acceleratedevelopment/curing/reaction of the components of the lubricanting agentand/or develop desirable properties in the lubricant once it is applied.

The lubricating agent can be a wide variety of materials andcombinations according to the broad scope of the present invention.Commonly used active lubricating agents include but are not limited toPolyol Esters (POEs) and Poly Alkylene Glycols (PAGs), PAG oils,silicone oil, mineral oil, alkyl benzenes (ABs) and poly(alpha-olefin)(PAO). Commercially available mineral oils include Witco LP 250(registered trademark) from Witco, Zerol 300 (registered trademark) fromShrieve Chemical, Sunisco 3GS from Witco, and Calumet R015 from Calumet.Commercially available alkyl benzene lubricants include Zerol 150(registered trademark). Commercially available esters include neopentylglycol dipelargonate, which is available as Emery 2917 (registeredtrademark) and Hatcol 2370 (registered trademark). Other useful estersinclude phosphate esters, dibasic acid esters, and fluoroesters. Ofcourse, different mixtures of different types of lubricants may be used.

With respect to lubricant systems, it is contemplated although notnecessarily preferred that the lubricating methods may require theapplication of two or more different compositions or materials toachieve the desired final lubricating effect. In such cases the systemsof the present invention will comprise the present lubricant compositiontogether with such additional materials or compositions which areintended to be or which are used together with the present lubricantcompositions to achieve a friction reducing effect according to thepresent invention.

Insecticide Compositions, Insecticidal Methods and Insecticide Systems

As mentioned above, the preferred insecticide compositions of thepresent invention comprise a insecticidal agent and a carrier comprisinga monochloro,trifluoropropene, and preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even morepreferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and/or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The selection of aparticular HCFO-1233zd isomer may be based on its properties, the methodof application, and/or its solubility/miscibility with the insecticide.With certain spray applications, for example, the trans-HCFO-1233zdisomer may be preferred because it has a much lower boiling than thecis-isomer, but the cis-isomer may also be provided, as necessary, toassist with solubility of the insecticide. In non-spraying applications,cis- or trans-isomer may be used based, at least in part, on itssolubility or miscibility with the insecticide. Applicants note,however, that the preference for one isomer does not necessarilypreclude the inclusion of both isomers. Rather, it simply identifiesqualities of one isomer that may be preferred for that application.Either isomer can be the provided in such applications alone, orotherwise in a mixture of isomers.

The insect reducing methods of the present invention preferably compriseproviding an insecticidal composition according to the present inventionand applying the insecticidal composition to at least one of thebody(s), and/or surface(s), and/or the environment (including the air)to be treated. In many embodiments, the insecticide is used to create anarea, region or surface of a body or material, or an area or region ofthe environment, that exhibits a relatively inhospitable condition toone or more insects and therefore reduces the presence or impact of suchone or more insects on or near the region, body or the like.

Various steps may be used to aid, enhance or achieve removal of at leasta portion of the carrier from the composition and/or from the bodyand/or surface and/or region of space being treated so as to allow orenhance development of the desired insecticide. Although such furthersteps may take many forms according to the present methods, in manyapplications such optional step comprises allowing the insecticidecomposition once applied to be exposed to the environment, which in manypreferred embodiments will result in evaporation of at least a portion,and preferably a major proportion, and even more preferably ofsubstantially all of, the monotrifluoropropene. It will be appreciatedthat in some embodiments other steps may be required to help or enhancethe effectiveness of the active components of the insecticidal agentand/or develop desirable properties in the insecticide once theinsecticide is applied.

The insecticidal agent can be a wide variety of materials andcombinations according to the broad scope of the present invention. Oneembodiment of the insecticide aspects of the present invention comprisesan improved insect spray, such as a wasp hornet or other flying insectspray. In such embodiments it is contemplated, and in some cases it ispreferred that a propellant, preferably an environmentally friendlypropellant such as HFO-1234ze, will be used to aid in spraying orexpelling the present composition from the canister or can in which itmay be stored prior to use. In such cases it is contemplated andpreferred that the carrier component of the present invention preferablysolvates, and even more preferably substantially completely solvates theactive insecticidal components and thereby enhances the ability of thecomposition to penetrate into the body, surface, area or region to betreated, such as into a hornet or wasp nest, and to then relativelyrapidly evaporate to allow the active ingredients to act effectivelyagainst the insects and to remain located in areas, regions or surfacesthat would otherwise be difficult to treat with the insecticide.

By way of non-limiting example, active insecticides that may be used inaccordance with the present invention comprise pyrethrins, piperonylbutoxide, and cabaryl. Optional additional ingredients may also be used,such as petroleum distillates and inert ingredients.

With respect to insecticide systems, it is contemplated although notnecessarily preferred that the lubricating methods may require theapplication of two or more different compositions or materials toachieve the desired final insecticidal effect. In such cases the systemsof the present invention will comprise the present insecticidecomposition together with such additional materials or compositionswhich are intended to be or which are used together with the presentinsecticide compositions to achieve the insecticidal effect according tothe present invention.

Herbicide Compositions, Insecticidal Methods and Herbicide Systems

As mentioned above, the preferred herbicide compositions of the presentinvention comprise a herbicidal agent and a carrier comprising amonochloro, trifluoropropene, and preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even morepreferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and/or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The selection of aparticular HCFO-1233zd isomer may be based on its properties, the methodof application, and/or its solubility/miscibility with herbicide. Withcertain spray applications, for example, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomermay be preferred because it has a much lower boiling than thecis-isomer, but the cis-isomer may also be provided, as necessary, toassist with solubility of the herbicide. In non-spraying applications,cis- or trans-isomer may be used based, at least in part, on itssolubility or miscibility with the herbicide. Applicants note, however,that the preference for one isomer does not necessarily preclude theinclusion of both isomers. Rather, it simply identifies qualities of oneisomer that may be preferred for that application. Either isomer can bethe provided in such applications alone, or otherwise in a mixture ofisomers. The plant growth impacting methods of the present inventionpreferably comprise providing a herbicidal composition according to thepresent invention and applying the herbicidal composition to at leastone of the body(s), and/or surface(s), and/or the environment (includingthe air) to be treated. In many embodiments, the herbicide is used tohave positive or negative impact on the growth or health of one or moreplants and therefore reduces or increases the presence or impact of suchone or more plants on or near the region of treatment.

Various steps may be used to aid, enhance or achieve removal of at leasta portion of the carrier from the composition and/or from the bodyand/or surface and/or region of space or ground being treated so as toallow or enhance development of the desired herbicide. Although suchfurther steps may take many forms according to the present methods, inmany applications such optional step comprises allowing the herbicidecomposition once applied to be exposed to the environment, which in manypreferred embodiments will result in evaporation of at least a portion,and preferably a major proportion, and even more preferably ofsubstantially all of, the monotrifluoropropene

It will be appreciated that in some embodiments other steps may berequired to help or enhance the effectiveness of the active componentsof the herbicidal agent and/or develop desirable properties in theherbicide once the herbicide is applied.

The herbicidal agent can be a wide variety of materials and combinationsaccording to the broad scope of the present invention. One embodiment ofthe herbicide aspects of the present invention comprises an improvedweed or plant spray. In such embodiments it is contemplated and in somecases preferred that a propellant, preferably an environmentallyfriendly propellant such as HFO-1234ze, will be used to help spray orexpel the present composition form the canister or can in which it maybe stored prior to use. In such cases it is contemplated and preferredthat the carrier component of the present invention preferably solvates,and even more preferably substantially completely solvates the activeherbicidal components and thereby enhances the ability of thecomposition to penetrate into the body, surface, area or region to betreated, and to then relatively rapidly evaporate to allow the activeingredients to act effectively to either enhance or inhibit growth ofthe selected plant matter and to remain located in areas, regions orsurfaces that would otherwise be difficult to treat with the herbicide.

With respect to herbicide systems, it is contemplated although notnecessarily preferred that the herbicidal methods may require theapplication of two or more different compositions or materials toachieve the desired final herbicidal effect. In such cases the systemsof the present invention will comprise the present herbicide compositiontogether with such additional materials or compositions which areintended to be or which are used together with the present herbicidecompositions to achieve a growth/health regulating effect according tothe present invention.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are provided for the purpose of illustrating thepresent invention but without limiting the scope thereof.

Example 1 Coating/Paint

The following active components comprising a coating agent, particularlya resin for use in paint, were tested in the indicated amounts andachieved the indicated results based on combining the carrier and theresin in 40 cc septum top vials and were shaken at room temperature (theExamples designated with a single letter suffix utilizetrans-HFCO-1233zd and Examples designated with a double letter suffixutilize cis-HFCO-1233zd):

Grams of Grams DOW* Description of 1233zd(E)/ Grams of of ExampleDESIGNATION Material 1233zd(Z) CoCarrier Resin Results 1A Paraloid ™B-56 Acrylic 9.89 0 0.47 Complete polymer dissolution 1AA Paraloid ™B-56 Acrylic 6.30 0 0.43 Complete polymer dissolution 1B Paraloid ™ B-66Acrylic 9.75 0 0.46 Complete polymer dissolution 1BB Paraloid ™ B-66Acrylic 6.13 0 0.45 Complete polymer dissolution 1C Paraloid ™ B-67Acrylic 9.88 0 0.43 Complete polymer dissolution 1CC Paraloid ™ B-67Acrylic 6.08 0 0.45 Complete polymer dissolution 1D Paraloid ™ AU-Acrylic 10.52 0 0.75 milky, emulsion 608B polymer like liquid whichphase separated 1DD Paraloid ™ AU- Acrylic 4.59 0 0.51 Complete 608Bpolymer dissolution 1E Paraloid ™ AU- Acrylic 10.8 0.2 0.87 Complete608B polymer (methanol) dissolution, with no phase separation *Allresins are manufactured by Dow Chemical Company and are identifiedherein by reference to the trade name, which may or may not be aregistered trademark of Dow Chemical Company.

Example 2 Adhesive

The following active component comprising a bonding agent was tested inthe indicated amounts and achieved the indicated results based oncombining the carrier and the bonding agent in 40 cc septum top vialsand were shaken at room temperature (the Examples designated with asingle letter suffix utilize trans-HFCO-1233zd and Examples designatedwith a double letter suffix utilize cis-HFCO-1233zd):

Grams of Grams 3M* Description of 1233zd(E)/ Grams of of ExampleDESIGNATION Material 1233zd(Z) CoCarrier Resin Results 2A Super 77Aerosol 13.04 0 2.8 A milky, emulsion adhesive like material was formed.This material phase separated 2AA Super 77 Aerosol 7.72 0 0.42 A milky,emulsion adhesive like material was formed. This material phaseseparated 2B Super 77 Aerosol 11.57 0.23 0.46 A milky, emulsion adhesivelike material was formed. This material phase separated 2BB Super 77Aerosol 7.48 0.15 0.35 A milky, emulsion adhesive like material wasformed. This material phase separated *The bonding agent is manufacturedby 3M and is a aerosol adhesive identified herein by reference to thetrade name, which may or may not be a registered trademark of 3M.

After the observed emulsion-like material designated as 2A in the tableabove was formed, the liquid was poured onto a metal surface, andsubstantially all of the carrier evaporated upon standing. The surfacewith the adhesive thereon became tacky, indicating the formation of amaterial ready to achieve bonding.

Example 3 Sealant

The following active component comprising a sealing agent was tested inthe indicated amounts and achieved the indicated results based oncombining the carrier and the sealing agent in 40 cc septum top vialsand were shaken at room temperature (the Examples designated with asingle letter suffix utilize trans-HFCO-1233zd and Examples designatedwith a double letter suffix utilize cis-HFCO-1233zd):

Grams of Grams DAP* Description of 1233zd(E)/ Grams of of ExampleDESIGNATION Material 1233zd(Z) CoCarrier Resin Results 3A Dap SiliconeSilicone Caulk 14.09 0 0.77 A milky, emulsion Caulk (clear) (clear) likematerial was formed. This material phase separated 3AA Dap SiliconeSilicone Caulk 12.15 0 0.82 A milky, emulsion Caulk (clear) (clear) likematerial was formed. This material phase separated 3B Super 77 Aerosol5.49 0.11 5.34 A single phase id adhesive formed (complete dissolution)with no phase separation *The sealing agent is manufactured by DAP andis a silicon caulk identified herein by reference to the tradedesignation Dap Silicone Caulk (clear), which may or may not be aregistered trademark of DAP.

Example 4 Lubricant

A carrier consisting of 1234ze(E) according to the present invention iscombined with mineral oil in a relative amount which is effect to allowthe carrier to carry and substantially dissolve or emulsify, or acombination thereof, the mineral oil. The mineral oil is present in anamount effective to provide lubrication upon application to a surface.In particular, the following active component comprising a lubricant inthe form of mineral oil is tested in the indicated amounts and achievedthe indicated results based on combining the carrier and the lubricantin 40 cc septum top vials and were shaken at room temperature (theExamples designated with a single letter suffix utilizetrans-HFCO-1233zd and Examples designated with a double letter suffixutilize cis-HFCO-1233zd):

Grams of Lubricant Description 1233zd(E)/ Grams of Grams ExampleDESIGNATION of Material 1233zd(Z) CoCarrier of oil Results 4A WITCO LP150 Mineral Oil 10 0 10 Complete dissolution 4AA WITCO LP 150 MineralOil 10 0 10 Complete dissolution 4B DOW Corning Silicone 10 0 10Complete 360 Silicone Lubricant dissolution 4BB DOW Corning Silicone 100 10 Complete 360 Silicone Lubricant dissolution

Example 5 Insecticide

Carriers consisting of 1233zd(E) and 1233zd(Z) according to the presentinvention is combined with an insecticidal material having typicalinsecticidal properties in a relative amount according to the teachingscontained herein and which is an amount is effect to allow the carrierto carry and substantially dissolve or emulsify, or a combinationthereof, the insecticide. The insecticide is present in an amounteffective to provide an insecticidal effect upon application usingtypical application techniques.

Example 6 Herbicide

Carriers consisting of 1233zd(E) and 1233zd(Z) according to the presentinvention is combined with an insecticidal material having typicalinsecticidal properties in a relative amount according to the teachingscontained herein and which is effect to allow the carrier to carry andsubstantially dissolve or emulsify, or a combination thereof, theherbicide. The herbicide is present in an amount effective to provide aninsecticidal effect upon application using typical applicationtechniques.

Example 7 Measurement of Kauri-Butanol Number

Measurement of Kauri-Butanol (KB) number was performed in the lab forboth tr-1233zd and cis-1233zd using the ASTM method (D1133 Standard TestMethod for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocarbon Solvents). Kauri-Butanolnumber of a solvent is a measure of how well Kauri-gum resin solution isdissolved in a solvent and is used widely in industry to comparesolvency of compounds. Kauri-butanol solution was obtained from FisherScientific. Both tr-1233zd & cis-1233zd were titrated in to the solutionwhich were kept in a 20 cc vial with septum screw cap. KB number fortr-1233zd was found to be 25 and KB number for cis-1233zd was found tobe 34. Unexpectedly the KB value of cis-1233zd increased by >30% overthe KB value of the tr-1233zd. CFC-113 which was a widely used solventin a variety of cleaning applications including but not limited toelectronics cleaning, dry cleaning, metal cleaning and deposition had aKB value of 31. Cis-1233zd would be a preferred solvent due to itshigher KB value when looking at electronics cleaning, dry cleaning,metal cleaning and deposition.

Example 8 Solubility of Acrylic

Test samples of commercial acrylic plastic sheet cut into ¼″×2″ piecewere placed into 20 cc vials with septum screw cap. Solvents (tr-1233zd& cis-1233zd) were slowly added by a syringe to cover the entire plasticsample inside the vial. The purpose was to observe if any degradationhappens to the plastic. Acrylic materials were found to dissolve acrylicmaterial readily in both solvents.

Example 9 Solubility of High Impact Styrene

Test samples of commercial high impact styrene plastic sheet cut into¼″×2″ piece were placed into 20 cc vials with septum screw cap. Solvents(tr-1233zd & cis-1233zd) were slowly added by a syringe to cover theentire plastic sample inside the vial. The purpose was to observe if anydegradation happens to the plastic. High impact styrene materials werefound to dissolve completely in cis-1233zd solvent whereas it onlyshowed swelling in tr-1233zd solvent. This shows distinct uniqueness insolubility of cis-1233zd over tr-1233zd.

Example 10 Solubility of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene

Test samples of commercial acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) sheetcut into ¼″×2″ piece were placed into 20 cc vials with septum screw cap.Solvents (tr-1233zd & cis-1233zd) were slowly added by a syringe tocover the entire plastic sample inside the vial. ABS plastic materialswere found to dissolve completely in cis-1233zd solvent whereas it onlyshowed deformations in tr-1233zd solvent. This also demonstratesdistinct uniqueness in solubility of cis-1233zd over tr-1233zd.

Example 11 Solubility of Polycarbonate

The experiment in Example 8 is repeated with commercial polycarbonatematerial. Tr-1233zd has some minor effect on polycarbonate in that thepolycarbonate was seen to be crazed but cis-1233zd had significanteffect in that the polycarbonate had severe crazing and even cracksafter exposure to cis-1233zd.

Example 12 Solubility of Acrylic

The experiment of Example 8 was repeated with commercial Dow Polaroid™Au-608-B acrylic material. This material is used in various coatings.Tr-1233zd cannot dissolve the material without any co-solvent added butcis-1233zd dissolved it completely.

Example 13 Solubility of Heparin

The experiment of Example 8 was repeated with blood anti-coagulantmaterial Heparin, which is used as a coating in medical devices. Heparinis effective at preventing deep vein thromboses and pulmonary emboli inpatients at risk. None of the solvents could dissolve the material. When2 wt % methanol is added to each of the material the solution oftr-1233zd and methanol could dissolve 0.794 wt % heparin and cis-1233zdand methanol could dissolve 1.19 wt % heparin and remained clear beingleft overnight.

What is claimed is:
 1. An evaporation operative acrylic coatingcomposition comprising: (a) at least one active component comprising atleast one acrylic resin, said active component being capable of formingan acrylic coating or film; and (b) a carrier solvating and/oremulsifying said active component, said carrier comprising at least 5%by weight of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, wherein said1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene present in the carrier consistsessentially of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1233zd(E)),whereby said active component becomes operative upon evaporation of saidcarrier from said coating composition to form an acrylic coating.
 2. Thecoating composition of claim 1 wherein said1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene consists oftrans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-HCFO-1233zd).
 3. Asprayable coating composition comprising the coating composition ofclaim
 1. 4. The sprayable coating composition of claim 3 wherein said1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene consists oftrans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-HCFO-1233zd).
 5. Thecoating composition of claim 1 wherein said carrier has a KB value ofgreater than
 30. 6. The coating composition of claim 5 wherein the1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene consists oftrans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-HCFO-1233zd.
 7. The coatingcomposition of claim 1, further comprising at least one co-carrierselected from the group consisting of a lower alcohol, a terpene-basedsolvent, a high evaporation rate organic material, and combinationsthereof.
 8. The coating composition of claim 7, wherein the co-carrieris selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, d-limonene,isoprene, hexane, heptane, styrene liquid, xylene, toluene,methylcyclohexane, cyclohexane, 2-2-dichloropropane, methylene chloride,diisobutyl ketone, diisopropylketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methylisopropyl ketone, methyl cyclohexanone, cyclohexanone, isobutyl acetate,isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethylether, dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol, 2-ethylhexanol, andcombinations thereof.
 9. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein saidcarrier does not interfere with the formation of a coating comprisingsaid active component.
 10. The coating composition of claim 9 whereinsaid carrier does not interfere with the formation of an acryliccoating.